Vitamin C (aka ascorbic acid) is a powerful antioxidant that assists in skin rejuvenation as well as having firming and ageing protective functions and evening skin discolouration.

Vitamin B3 (aka niacinamide) assists in maintaining moisture in the skin, preventing water loss and stimulates collagen production also having skin firming properties.  It is often a powerful ingredient in our anti ageing personalised skin care creams.

Hyaluronic acid is a super-hydrating nutrient that traps water in the skin to firm and plump.

Glycolic acid, Lactic acid are alpha hydroxy acids that exfoliate dead skin cells, fade pigmentation and promote an even complexion.  These are often the active ingredients in skincare washes.

Retinol is a vitamin A derivative that helps promote skin cell turnover, even complexion and repairing skin damage.  Tretinoin is a prescriptive powerful vitamin A derivative used for acne, photodamage and hyperpigmentation.  It can cause skin peeling and is often gradually increased in concentration in treatment.

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring by-product with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, effective in the treatment of acne and rosacea 

Clindamycin, this is an antibiotic medication that is used to treat acne. It helps to decrease the number of acne lesions, especially pustules, by reducing the growth of bacteria. 

Bakuciol is an alternative to retinol. It stimulates collagen and elastin production smoothing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and acne.

Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent used topically for the treatment of hyperpigmentation in skin conditions such as melasma, freckles and subsequent to resolution of acne.

Ceramides are lipids, which are fatty acids that are produced in the sebaceous glands. Ceramides help to moisturise and strengthen the protective skin moisture barrier, and protect the skin from external aggressors such as weather and pollution.  We really like the ceramides in the moisturisers and washes from CeraVe

Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant which can neutralise free radicals, perfect for treating and preventing cellular damage. Free radicals can be caused by a range of different environmental and metabolic factors, however one thing we know is that free radicals cause oxidation, and high levels of oxidation can contribute to premature ageing.

Papaya contains a range of vitamins and rejuvenating enzymes that exfoliate and cleanse your skin to make it glow.